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Publications

White Papers

Concepts and applications for Apogee’s products.

Back to White Paper List
  • "Comparison of Video Compression Standards in a TSPI Application"
    Michail Stolhand, JT3 UTTR/Hill AFB, D. Shane Woolridge, 2004
  • "Convolutional Encoding, Terminology"
    Ed Snyder, 2003
  • "Protocol Layering"
    David L. Grebe, 2002
  • "Recorders in Networked Data Acquisition Systems"
    David L. Grebe, 2002
  • "Test Range Data & Communication Networks: Packetized Telemetry Techniques Bridge the Gap"
    David L. Grebe, 2002
  • "Combining GPS and Packetized Telemetry Concepts to Form a Wide Area Data Multiplex System"
    David L. Grebe, 1999
  • "Packetized Telemetry Increases Feedback System Response Time in a High Energy Physics Application"
    D. Shane Woolridge, 1999
  • "The Use of Packetized Telemetry in Inverse T1 Multiplexing"
    Jason Urban, 1999
  • "Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Implementation using a CCSDS Format"
    David L. Grebe, 1997
"Comparison of Video Compression Standards in a TSPI Application" by Michail Stolhand and D. Shane Woolridge

The need to compress video for the purpose of transport and recording plays a large part in most telemetry applications. Throughput latency requirements, bandwidth limitations, quality, and full motion characteristics are all considerations when deciding on which compression algorithm to use. Another deciding factor is the environment in (or conditions under) which the video will be used when decompressed. This paper will evaluate three standard types of video compression, MPEG2, MPEG2 using I-frame only, and MJPEG. These compression techniques will be compared to a legacy Wide Band System (ALS) for TSPI (Time-Space-Position-Information) error analysis and subjective quality assessment.

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"Convolutional Encoding, Terminology"
by Ed Snyder

Convolutional codes have been in use since the early days of the 1950s. While the implementation of convolutional encoding systems is relatively simple, the process of decoding the resultant data stream at the receiving node can be quite complex. This paper will provide an expanation for a basic understanding about how convolutional coders are described and how the encoding is accomplished.

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"Protocol Layering"
by David L. Grebe

The advent of COTS based network-centric data systems brings a whole new vocabulary into the realm of instrumentation. The Communications and computer industries have developed networks to a high level and they continue to evolve. One of the basic techniques that has proven itself useful with the technology is the use of a "layered architecture". This paper is an attempt to discuss the basic ideas behind this concept and to give some understanding of the vocabulary that has grown up with it.

Published with permission by IFT, Copyright ©International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997

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"Recorders in Networked Data Acquisition Systems"
by David L. Grebe

This paper explores the trend to adopt network based data acquisition, collection and distribution systems for telemetry applications and the impact on recording technizques and equipment. It shows that in this emerging approach, the recorder returns to its’ root mission of attempting to provide the fastest, largest capacity fo rthe least amount of investment. In a network based architecture the recorder need only accept data and reproduce data and operates independently form the acquisition process.

Published with permission by IFT, Copyright ©International Foundation for Telemetering, 2002

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"Test Range Data and Communication Networks: Packetized Telemetry Techniques Bridge the Gap"
by David L. Grebe

This paper presents techniques that may be used to connect Telemetry Data Acquisition Sites with remote Data Reduction and Data Analysis sites in real time using a variety of available Data Communication Networks.

Published with permission by the German Society of Telemetering on behalf of European Telemetry Conference

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"Combining GPS and Packetized Telemetry Concepts to Form a Wide Area Data Multiplex System"
by David L. Grebe

This paper addresses the problem of collecting telemetry and other test range information from mulitple tracking sites and providing the ability to disseminate this data to multiple reduction and control centers without the need to implement a zero based solution.

Published with permission by IFT, Copyright ©International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999

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"Packetized Telemetry Increases Feedback System Response Time in a High Energy Physics Application"
by D. Shane Woolridge

A digital feedback system used to monitor and control a high energy electron beam’s orbit and stability in a VUV and X-ray storage ring will realize a 10 fold increase in the feedback system response time using packetized (IRIG 107-98) telemetry. The improvement in feedback time will provide a significant improvement in the level of orbit stability.

This paper discusses the advantages of using a packetizing standard & high speed data acquisition as a cost effective way to support the scientific community in their real time processing needs.

Published with permission by IFT, Copyright ©International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999

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"The Use of Packetized Telemetry in Inverse T1 Multiplexing"
by Jason Urban

The use of an inverse T1 multiplexer allows the site to utilize multiple T1 lines rather than more costly higher bandwidth lines. This paper will discuss the combination of packets and ivners multiplexing to achieve an expandable transmission system capable of delivering a high bandwidth data stream across multiple T1 lines.

Published with permission by IFT, Copyright ©International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999

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"Multiplexer / Demultiplexer Implementation using a CCSDS Format"
by David L. Grebe

A Mux/demux design suitable to a wide range of input data types and link formats is presented. Based on CCSDS recommendations for Packet Telemetry, the design translates the prescribed layered architecture into a modular, layered hardware implementation. This implementation can be aplied to flight data acquisition (direct transmission to the ground or recorded), ground data collection and inter-range communications.

Published with permission by IFT, Copyright ©International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997

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Application Notes
App Note #
Description
Product
AP-21
Multichannel BERT Testing for Mux/Demux Systems
More Information: Application Notes
AL6300
AP-22
Data Link Testing with Error Simulation, Symmetry and PCM
More Information: Application Notes
AL6300
AP-23
Add System Evaluation Flexibility to Your Test Set
More Information: Application Notes
AL6300
AP-24
Model 461 Data Link Test Set Doubles as "PCM Data Scope"
More Information: Application Notes
AL6300
AP-25
Generating PCM Data Streams with the Model 461 Data Link Test Set
More Information: Application Notes
AL6300
AP-26
Using the DLTM2 (Module) to Measure Link Delay on a Full Duplex Link
More Information: Application Notes
AL6300
AP-27
Creating a Doppler Shift with the DLTM2
More Information: Application Notes
AL6300
AP-28
Using Simplex UDP/IP packets with Apogee Lab’s Ethernet Modules 2020 and 3400A-520
More Information: Application Notes
Model 2020
AP-30
Using Apogee Labs Network Native ASCII Transfer Communications
More Information: Application Notes
AL4000
AP-31
Automatic Gain Controlled Amplifier applications
More Information: Application Notes
2173
AP-32
The MITC/AL4000 Transfer Frame
More Information: Application Notes
AL4000
AL4300
AP-33
Apogee Labs MPEG Video Encoding and Decoding System
More Information: Application Notes
VEM/VDM1
AVEM1
AP-34
Audio Conferencing
More Information: Application Notes
2053 AUD4
AP-36
Sending UDP/IP Packets in a Transmit only environment
More Information: Application Notes
2019 ETHI1
4018 AETH1
AP-37
Calculating the Composite Multiplex Rate for the AL4300
[Formerly "MITC 430"]
More Information: Application Notes
AL4300
 
AP-38
Apogee Labs Helps to Maintain Data Security; Use Optical Interfaces
More Information: Application Notes
Interfacer Fiber Modules
Mux/Demux Link Modules
AP-39
Apogee Labs MPEG Video Encoding and Decoding System
More Information: Application Notes
VEM/VDM1
AVEM1
AP-41
Multiplexed Data Over IP using Data Node Appliances
More Information: Application Notes
AL1110/AL1111
AL4302
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